specialists in all aspects of commercial & domestic damp proofing & dry lining

Wall Ties

Remedial Wall Ties

Wall ties are an essential element for the stability of a cavity wall structure, tying its weather protecting brick facade to the main body of a building. An effective brick tie system transfers static and live loads across the cavity, enabling load sharing by both inner and outer walls. Typically cavity wall ties are bedded in a mortar bed joint as a building is constructed.

Cavity wall tie failure can be a consequence of a construction defect; for example where the original 'built in' cavity wall ties have been omitted, incorrectly fixed or fitted with brick ties that are too short. Alternatively failure may be a result of a buildings aging process, whereby wall tie corrosion may have compromised the walls load sharing capabilities.

Over time mortar joints, which host the wall ties, undergo a chemical change through carbonation. The mortar becomes aggressive to the steel base and its protective coatings, reducing the life expectancy of the cavity tie systems to as little as 26 years. the design life of the building is typically much longer than this period and it therefore follows that at some point a remedial retrofit replacement of the brick ties may be necessary if the stability and load sharing capacity of the wall is to be maintained.

As wall tie corrosion sets in, the mild steel brick ties generate a build up of iron oxide layers which occupy a greater volume than that of non-corroded steel. In most cases, particularly when wire wall ties have been used, the increase in the volume is accommodated in the mortar bed as the cavity ties corrode. In such cases there may be little sign that the outer facade is free standing and the walls not supported, save the wall may appear bulged.

In other case, particularly when sheet steel or vertical twist ties have been used in less forgiving mortars, the iron oxide build up may have the effect of lifting the masonry above a line of insitu brick ties. If expansion is widespread and present along several rows of corroding cavity wall ties, a tell-tale pattern of horizontal cracks may be produced along each wall tie course.

Designing Remedial Works

Remedial Cavity Wall Tie Systems can be employed to reinstate stability to existing walls; damaged by expansion of corroding mild steel vertical twist ties; loss of wire ties by corrosion; insufficient wall ties; ineffective wall ties and or unrestrained masonry.

The choice and validation of a suitable remedial wall tie system and their density must provide for fixing in both inner and outer leafs required by the imposed loads (refer to topographic tables) and conform with BRE Digest 329, 401 and BS 5628.

All Thor Helical Remedial wall ties are manufactured from 304 or 316 stainless steel.

Lateral Restraints

Lateral restraints are wall ties used for restraining bulging walls.

Lateral restraints are fitted from outside the property with a minimum of disturbance - in most cases just lift a few floorboards to determine the position of the joists and to ensure wires or pipes that may be hidden are avoided during tie installation.

Each of our Lateral restraints wall ties have a drill like leading end for cutting into softwood. Using a drill, simply wind the lateral restraint ties into the timbers and resin fix the masonry end.